What Is Kimlik and Ikamet in Turkey: Full Guide for Foreigners

Turkey continues to attract foreign nationals who wish to live, work, or invest in the country. A key step in legalizing your status is obtaining one of two documents — the ikamet or the kimlik — each offering different rights and opportunities. It’s essential to understand how these documents differ, what responsibilities they come with, and how to go through the application process correctly. Legal consultation under Turkish law is the best way to ensure your stay in Turkey is both smooth and compliant.

In this article, we’ll explore in detail the differences between ikamet and kimlik, and guide you through the procedures for obtaining them.

What is an Ikamet in Turkey — Explained Simply

Ikamet is a temporary residence permit that allows foreigners to legally stay in Turkey for a specific period. It’s required for anyone who plans to remain in the country beyond the visa-free period. 

Types of Ikamet Permits in Turkey (according to the Directorate General of Migration Management):

• Short-Term Ikamet
  The most common type, valid for up to 2 years. Available to property owners, tourists, businesspeople, students, academic researchers, and others.
• Family Ikamet
  Issued to foreign nationals married to Turkish citizens.
• Student Ikamet
  Available to foreign students enrolled in Turkish universities. It remains valid for the duration of their education.
• Long-Term (Permanent) Ikamet
  For foreigners who have resided in Turkey continuously for at least 8 years and meet the criteria of the Migration Policy Board. This type does not require renewal.
• Humanitarian Ikamet
  Granted to individuals staying in Turkey for humanitarian reasons, such as refugees or those in need of protection. It allows temporary stay and access to essential social services.
• Ikamet for Victims of Human Trafficking
  Issued to confirmed or suspected victims of human trafficking.

So, in simple terms, what is an ikamet? It’s your official entry ticket for long-term residence in Turkey — a document that opens doors to many benefits:

• Pathway to Citizenship
  An ikamet is the first step toward Turkish citizenship through naturalization. After 5 years of continuous legal residence based on property ownership (TAPU), foreigners may apply for a Turkish passport.
• Healthcare Access
  Ikamet holders can access public and private healthcare services.
• Education
  Children of ikamet holders have the right to attend Turkish schools, universities, and benefit from local educational programs.
• Right to Work
  Some types of ikamet allow the holder to apply for a work permit or open a business in Turkey.
• Banking and Financial Services
  Residency allows you to open a bank account, which is essential for managing personal and business finances.
• Vehicle Ownership and Driver’s License
  With a residence permit, you can legally buy a car and obtain a Turkish driver’s license.

What is a Kimlik in Turkey — What it Looks Like and Why You Need It

The kimlik (Kimlik Kartı) is not just an ID card. It is the official proof of Turkish citizenship. Foreigners receive a kimlik only after being granted Turkish citizenship.

Citizenship can be obtained through several channels:

• Naturalization after living in Turkey for at least 5 years on a residence permit.
• Marriage to a Turkish citizen. Birthright or special government recognition.
• Participation in the investment citizenship program (e.g., purchasing real estate worth $400,000+).

Since 2017, Turkey has issued biometric Kimlik Kartı — credit card-sized IDs with an electronic chip, meeting international standards.

The front of the card includes:

• Photo of the holder
• Full name
• National ID number
• Date of birth
• Gender
• Citizenship (Turkey)

What the Kimlik Card allows:

• Identity Verification
  Serves as the main proof of citizenship and identity.
• Access to Government Services
  Enables use of healthcare, social programs, and voting rights.
• Financial Services
  With a kimlik, you can open bank accounts, apply for loans, and conduct other transactions.

Ikamet vs Kimlik — What’s the Difference?

As mentioned earlier:

• Ikamet is a residence permit for foreigners who want to live in Turkey long-term.
• Kimlik is the national ID card issued only to Turkish citizens and grants full citizenship rights.

Key Differences in Rights:

• Right to Work
  Ikamet does not automatically allow employment. You need to apply for a separate work permit.
  Kimlik grants the right to work freely without additional permissions.
• Voting Rights
  Ikamet holders cannot vote.
  Kimlik holders can vote in elections and even run for public office.
• Social Benefits
  Ikamet provides access to limited services (e.g., healthcare and education).
  Kimlik ensures full access to all state programs, including pensions and public services.

Additionally, they differ in validity, cost, and application procedures.

How to Apply for Ikamet in Turkey: Step-by-Step

1. Choose the Type of Residence Permit
Pick the category that matches your purpose of stay — short-term, family, student, etc.

2. Fill Out the Online Application
Use the official Turkish Migration Department portal. Complete all fields accurately.

3. Schedule Your Appointment (Randevu)
Once submitted, the system sets a date for your interview at the local migration office (Göç İdaresi). In some cities, like Alanya, you can choose from available dates. Don’t miss the appointment — otherwise, your application will be cancelled.

4. Prepare and Submit Your Documents
Bring original and notarized copies of:

• Passport (valid at least 60 days beyond your requested stay)
• Four biometric photos
• Health insurance covering your stay
• Proof of address (e.g., rental contract or TAPU)
• For family members: birth and marriage certificates with apostille

Requirements may vary slightly by region and permit type.

5. Interview Process
At the appointment, your documents will be reviewed, your purpose of stay clarified, and biometric data (fingerprints, photo) collected.

6. Await Decision
Processing may take up to 90 days. It’s advised not to leave Turkey during this time if your visa-free period has expired.

7. Receive Your Ikamet
Once approved, your residence card will be mailed. You’ll get a temporary document confirming your approval until the physical card arrives.

How to Obtain a Kimlik in Turkey: Key Steps

1. Determine Your Basis for Citizenship
You must meet one of the legal grounds: naturalization, marriage, investment, etc. It’s best to consult an immigration lawyer to avoid mistakes and speed up the process.

2. Gather Citizenship Application Documents
Required documents include:

• Passport (original + notarized copy)
• Application form
• Birth certificate
• Valid residence permit
• Health insurance
• Proof of financial means
• Proof of address (e.g., rental contract or TAPU)
• Police clearance certificate from your home country
• Medical clearance certificate
• Proof of government fee payment
• Additional documents depending on your case (marriage certificate, investment records, etc.)

3. Submit Your Application
You’ll apply at the local Civil Registry (Nüfus Müdürlüğü) or at the Turkish consulate in your country. The documents are then sent to the Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs, National Police, and the Presidential Office.

4. Wait for Decision
Processing time:

• 4–7 months for investment-based citizenship
• 1–2 years for naturalization

Authorities may request more documents during review.

5. Receive Your Kimlik
After citizenship is granted, you must visit Nüfus to apply for your kimlik and submit biometrics. Bring:

• Proof of citizenship approval
• Passport
• Photo
• Utility bill showing your address (for registration)

Tips:

• Prepare documents thoroughly — incomplete files can cause delays or denial.
• Submit your application early, accounting for long processing times.
• Consult experienced Turkish lawyers to simplify the process and avoid issues.

Validity, Costs, and Renewal of Ikamet and Kimlik

Validity Period
Ikamet permits are generally valid for up to 2 years and can be renewed.
Citizenship, and the kimlik card, are issued indefinitely. The physical kimlik card is valid for 10 years.

Renewal
Ikamet renewals must be initiated no more than 60 days before expiration. You’ll need updated documents and may need to attend another interview.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the residence permit called in Turkey?

It’s called ikamet. This document allows foreign nationals to live in Turkey long-term under legal conditions.

How much does an ikamet cost?

It varies by permit type, duration, and applicant’s nationality. In 2025, expect to pay no less than $200.

How quickly can I get an ikamet?

Usually within 1–3 months. If applying through a lawyer at Tuncay & Barcın, it can be expedited to 1–5 days. Processing time depends on permit type and local migration office workload.

Who can help me get an ikamet or kimlik?

Professional lawyers in Turkey can manage the entire process for you, ensuring accuracy and minimizing stress.

What is kimlik in Turkey?

Kimlik is the national ID card issued to Turkish citizens. It grants full civil rights — including the right to work, vote, and access all state services and benefits.